Mapping Socioeconomic Vulnerability in Maternal Health Through a Community Survey to Inform Equitable Public Policy

Abstract

Socioeconomic disadvantage can restrict women’s access to maternal health care, making equitable service provision an important public policy concern. This study describes socioeconomic vulnerability among women in marginalized communities in Makassar and discusses its implications for maternal health policy. A quantitative descriptive survey was conducted in Panakkukang, Tallo, and Tamalate from October to December 2022. Of 765 questionnaires distributed, 560 were completed, representing a completion proportion of 73.2%. Data were analysed using frequency distributions, supported by field observations and documentary material. A total of 400 respondents (71.4%) reported monthly household income below Rp1,100,000. Limited household resources and educational disadvantage emerged as concerns relevant to pregnancy-related needs and access to care. These findings highlight the importance of integrating maternal health services with social support. Policy priorities include assistance with health insurance access, support for indirect care costs, understandable health information, and continuity of primary and referral care. As a descriptive study, the research provides a local basis for identifying socioeconomic vulnerability and developing equitable service responses; it does not estimate causal relationships with maternal health outcomes.