Anti-Abuse Policy

This journal is committed to maintaining a fair, transparent, secure, and ethical editorial and publishing environment. Any attempt to abuse, manipulate, or compromise the editorial, peer review, or publication process is strictly prohibited.

The journal defines abuse as any intentional action that undermines the integrity, credibility, or independence of scholarly publishing.

Prohibited Practices

The following actions are considered unacceptable:

Submission of fabricated, falsified, or manipulated research data.
Plagiarism, self-plagiarism, duplicate publication, or simultaneous submission to multiple journals.
Manipulation of the peer review process, including the submission of false reviewer identities or fraudulent reviewer recommendations.
Citation manipulation intended to artificially increase citation counts or journal metrics.
Inappropriate authorship practices, including gift authorship, ghost authorship, or unauthorized changes to authorship.
Submission of manuscripts generated or substantially produced by artificial intelligence without appropriate disclosure or human accountability.
Identity misrepresentation, including false institutional affiliations, fake email addresses, or fraudulent author identities.
Attempts to influence editorial decisions through coercion, bribery, intimidation, or other improper means.
Unauthorized access to the journal's editorial management system or any attempt to interfere with its operation.
Harassment, abusive communication, threats, or discriminatory behavior directed toward editors, reviewers, authors, or journal staff.

Editorial Actions

When suspected abuse is identified, the Editorial Office may:

conduct an internal investigation in accordance with COPE recommendations;
request clarification or supporting documentation from the authors;
suspend editorial processing while an investigation is ongoing;
reject the manuscript when sufficient evidence of misconduct is established;
retract published articles if serious misconduct is confirmed;
notify the authors' institutions, funding agencies, or relevant authorities when appropriate;
prohibit individuals responsible for serious or repeated misconduct from submitting manuscripts to the journal for a specified period or permanently.

Reporting Abuse

Editors, reviewers, authors, and readers are encouraged to report suspected abuse or publication misconduct to the Editorial Office. All reports will be handled confidentially, fairly, and objectively. The journal will investigate every allegation in accordance with the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) Core Practices and applicable international publishing standards.

Good Faith

The journal is committed to ensuring that all allegations are evaluated impartially. No action will be taken solely on the basis of suspicion. Decisions will be based on available evidence, and all parties will be given an opportunity to respond during the investigation process.